.
I'm reading Joan Dejean's newest work,
The Age of Comfort; When Paris Discovered Casual — and the Modern Home Began.
Dejean is the meticulous author-historian of the wonderful book,
The Essence of Style: How the French Invented High Fashion, Fine Food, Chic Cafés, Style, Sophistication, and Glamour.
Oh la la! Now, it appears, the French also invented
comfort.
I'm learning a great deal from this wonderful book: not only about how the concept of comfort came into being, but also, at the same time, I'm gaining a deeper understanding of how
uncomfortable everything had been
before.
Before, into the 1670s, all that mattered in a home was magnificence: fancy façades, enormous rooms, jaw-dropping furnishings. The primary task of architecture was to show status. Casual could not even be considered because one was
always on display, rigidly encased in stiff clothes, sitting on hard wooden stools.
Before the "Age of Comfort" dawned — and it dawned rather suddenly at the tail-end of the 17th century — one was always in company. Like pack-animals, people slept, bathed, and relieved themselves
in company. Homes were composed of a few, large undivided rooms. A dining table would be set up anywhere. A bathtub would be set up in the warmest room — usually the kitchen.
Hand-in-hand with the concept of comfort came the concept of privacy, and
everything changed: the furniture, the lay-out of the rooms, the size and
number of rooms, how one dressed, sat, entertained. How one slept, bathed, relieved oneself —
privately. (I won't be surprised if this new concept of a private space, where one could be at ease, engendered a more introspective psychology, and with it the value put on individuality.)
This remarkable revolution began with ... gowns. In January of 1678, a French newspaper with a large European readership published the big news: "In France today, people only want to live comfortably." The very word —
commodité — had never been used. It all had to do with a fashion at Court: women were rebelling against the rigid
grand habit in favor of a less confining dress.
From the gown came an avalanche of innovations: the chest of drawers (instead of the trunk); the padded armchair (instead of the wood stool). A double-sized armchair — known as a
canapé — led to the invention of the
sofa.
And, with
that, of course, came the complete unraveling of all moral standards. Listen to this account from Princess Palantine, that Germanic upholder of traditional values:
"At Trianon ... all the men now sit down in the presence of M. the Dauphin and Madame the Duchesse de Bourgogne; some of them are even stretched out full-length on sofas .... You can't imagine what it's like here because it no longer looks at all like a court."
On-line articles on Dejean's book:
"
How the sofa changed the world" by Heather A. Davis,
Penn Current
"
The Couch Potato Was Born in Paris" by Julie Scelfo,
New York Times
*****
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This isn't a 17th century discovery, but "Dying to look good" is an interesting article on the recent discovery of gold in the bones of Henry II's mistress, Diane de Poitiers. Liquid gold was believed to preserve youth, but it likely killed her.
It also makes me wonder what effect they might have had on her many children by the King.
Melanie of Kill them all, God will know his own has just given this blog an award. Thank you, Melanie! 
The League of Hypocrites, Mikhail Bulgakov's play about Molière's battle with the repressive religious forces during the reign of Louis XIV, is being played in London, England, and — based on this excellent review (and historical overview) in History Today magazine — I'm dying to see it.
This remarkable revolution began with ... gowns. In January of 1678, a French newspaper with a large European readership published the big news: "In France today, people only want to live comfortably." The very word — commodité — had never been used. It all had to do with a fashion at Court: women were rebelling against the rigid grand habit in favor of a less confining dress. 
And, with that, of course, came the complete unraveling of all moral standards. Listen to this account from Princess Palantine, that Germanic upholder of traditional values:
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